Ī 1923 electric Miele washing machine with a built-in mangle During the 1850s, Nicholas Bennett of the Mount Lebanon Shaker Society at New Lebanon, New York, invented a "wash mill", but in 1858 he assigned the patent to David Parker of the Canterbury Shaker Village, where it was registered as the "Improved Washing Machine". Turnbull of Saint John, New Brunswick patented a "Clothes Washer With Wringer Rolls". A device that combined a washing machine with a wringer mechanism did not appear until 1843 when Canadian John E. The invention of the washing machine is also attributed to Watervliet Shaker Village, as a patent was issued to an Amos Larcom of Watervliet, New York, in 1829, but it is not certain that Larcom was a Shaker. Because of the Patent Office fire in 1836, no description of the device survives. The first United States Patent, titled "Clothes Washing", was granted to Nathaniel Briggs of New Hampshire in 1797. In 1862, a patented "compound rotary washing machine, with rollers for wringing or mangling" by Richard Lansdale of Pendleton, Manchester, was shown at the 1862 London Exhibition. It would not be until the 19th century that steam power would be used in washing machine designs. As metal drums started to replace the traditional wooden drums, it allowed for the drum to turn above an open fire or an enclosed fire chamber, raising the water temperature for more effective washes. While the technology was simple enough, it was a milestone in the history of washing machines, as it introduced the idea of "powered" washing drums. These early design patents consisted of a drum washer that was hand-cranked to make the wooden drums rotate. More advancements were made to washing machine technology in the form of the rotating drum design. This crude agitator technology was hand-powered, but still more effective than actually hand-washing the clothes. The person using the washer would use a stick to press and rotate the clothes along the textured sides of the basin or container, agitating the clothes to remove dirt and mud. One of the first innovations in washing machine technology was the use of enclosed containers or basins that had grooves, fingers, or paddles to help with the scrubbing and rubbing of the clothes. In 1782, Henry Sidgier issued a British patent for a rotating drum washer, and in the 1790s, Edward Beetham sold numerous "patent washing mills" in England. Jacob Christian Schäffer's washing machine design was published in 1767 in Germany. A drawing of an early washing machine appeared in the January 1752 issue of The Gentleman's Magazine, a British publication. The first English patent under the category of washing machines was issued in 1691. In a fulling mill, the cloth was beaten with wooden hammers, known as fulling stocks or fulling hammers. A fulling mill from Georg Andreas Böckler's Theatrum Machinarum Novum, 1661Īn early example of washing by machine is the practice of fulling.
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